CH ELM (R4)
1.7.0 - release Switzerland flag

This page is part of the Observations of notifiable communicable infectious diseases (v1.7.0: Release) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) R4. This is the current published version in its permanent home (it will always be available at this URL). For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: ChElmPatientInitials - Detailed Descriptions

Active as of 2024-11-28

Definitions for the ChElmPatientInitials resource profile.

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Patient
Impose ProfileThis profile also requires that the instance also conform this additional profile:
2. Patient.name
Invariantsname-initials: a name with initials (given.exists() and given.first().exists() and (''+given.first()).length() = 1 and family.exists() and (''+family).length() = 1)
4. Patient.telecom
Control0..0
6. Patient.telecom:email
Slice Nameemail
Control0..0
8. Patient.telecom:phone
Slice Namephone
Control0..0
10. Patient.telecom:internet
Slice Nameinternet
Control0..0
12. Patient.address:home
Slice Namehome
14. Patient.address:home.line
Control0..0

Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

0. Patient
Definition

The CH Core Patient is based upon the core FHIR Patient Resource and designed to meet the applicable patient demographic data elements in Switzerland. See also https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/register/personenregister/registerharmonisierung/nomenklaturen.html for further information


Demographics and other administrative information about an individual or animal receiving care or other health-related services.

ShortCH ELM PatientInformation about an individual or animal receiving health care services
Control0..*
Is Modifierfalse
Impose ProfileThis profile also requires that the instance also conform this additional profile:
Summaryfalse
Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
ch-pat-1: At least one HumanName with given and family name must be provided. (name.where(family.exists() and given.exists()).count()>0 or name.empty())
ch-pat-2: gender unknown is currently not used in Switzerland in eCH and the EPR (gender.empty() or gender!='unknown')
2. Patient.implicitRules
Definition

A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
Comments

Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

Control0..1
Typeuri
Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
Summarytrue
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
4. Patient.extension:placeOfBirth
Slice NameplaceOfBirth
Definition

The registered place of birth of the patient.

ShortPlace of birth of patient
Control0..1
TypeExtension(Place of Birth according to eCH-0011) (Extension Type: Address(Address for Place of Birth))
Is Modifierfalse
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
6. Patient.extension:placeOfOrigin
Slice NameplaceOfOrigin
Definition

The registered place of origin of the patient.

ShortPlace of origin(s) of patient
Control0..*
This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
TypeExtension(Place of Origin according to eCH-0011) (Extension Type: Address)
Is Modifierfalse
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
8. Patient.extension:citizenship
Slice Namecitizenship
Definition

The content of the country code element (if present) SHALL be selected EITHER from ValueSet ISO Country Alpha-2 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2 OR MAY be selected from ISO Country Alpha-3 Value Set http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3, if the country is not specified in value Set ISO Country Alpha-2 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2.

ShortCitizenship(s) of patient
Control0..*
TypeExtension(Patient Citizenship) (Complex Extension)
Is Modifierfalse
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
ch-pat-3: ISO Country Alpha-2 or ISO Country Alpha-3 code (((extension.where(url='code').value.coding.code.length()=2) and extension.where(url='code').value.coding.code.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2')) or ((extension.where(url='code').value.coding.code.length() = 3) and extension.where(url='code').value.coding.code.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3')))
10. Patient.extension:religion
Slice Namereligion
Definition

The patient's professed religious affiliations.

ShortReligion of patient
Control0..1
TypeExtension(Patient Religion) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
Is Modifierfalse
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
12. Patient.modifierExtension
Definition

May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
Comments

There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

Control0..*
TypeExtension
Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
Summaryfalse
Requirements

Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

Alternate Namesextensions, user content
Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
14. Patient.identifier
Definition

An identifier for this patient.

ShortAn identifier for this patient
NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
Control0..1*
TypeIdentifier
Is Modifierfalse
Must Supporttrue
Summarytrue
Requirements

Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
  • pattern @ $this
  • 16. Patient.identifier:EPR-SPID
    Slice NameEPR-SPID
    Definition

    An identifier - identifies some entity uniquely and unambiguously. Typically this is used for business identifiers.


    An identifier for this patient.

    ShortAn identifier intended for computationAn identifier for this patient
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control0..0*
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeIdentifier(EPR-SPID Identifier)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Requirements

    Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

    Pattern Value{
      "system" : "urn:oid:2.16.756.5.30.1.127.3.10.3"
    }
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    18. Patient.identifier:AHVN13
    Slice NameAHVN13
    Definition

    An identifier - identifies some entity uniquely and unambiguously. Typically this is used for business identifiers.


    An identifier for this patient.

    ShortOASI Number SwitzerlandAn identifier for this patient
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control0..1*
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeIdentifier(AHVN13 / NAVS13 Identifier)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Requirements

    Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

    Pattern Value{
      "system" : "urn:oid:2.16.756.5.32"
    }
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    20. Patient.identifier:LocalPid
    Slice NameLocalPid
    Definition

    An identifier for this patient.

    ShortLocal patient identifier(s)An identifier for this patient
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control0..0*
    TypeIdentifier
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

    Pattern Value{
      "type" : {
        "coding" : [{
          "system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0203",
          "code" : "MR"
        }]
      }
    }
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    25. Patient.identifier:insuranceCardNumber
    Slice NameinsuranceCardNumber
    Definition

    An identifier - identifies some entity uniquely and unambiguously. Typically this is used for business identifiers.


    An identifier for this patient.

    ShortAn identifier intended for computationAn identifier for this patient
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control0..0*
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeIdentifier(Insurance Card Number (Identifier))
    Is Modifierfalse
    Requirements

    Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

    Pattern Value{
      "system" : "urn:oid:2.16.756.5.30.1.123.100.1.1.1"
    }
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    27. Patient.identifier:IDN
    Slice NameIDN
    Definition

    An identifier for this patient.

    ShortIDN LiechtensteinAn identifier for this patient
    NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
    Control0..1*
    TypeIdentifier(IDN Identifier)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Must Supporttrue
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

    Pattern Value{
      "system" : "urn:oid:2.16.438.10.20.10.10.1.2.1"
    }
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    29. Patient.active
    Definition

    Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

    It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

    Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

    ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
    Comments

    If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

    Control0..1
    Typeboolean
    Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

    Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    31. Patient.name
    Definition

    A human's name with the ability to identify parts and usage.


    A name associated with the individual.

    ShortWhether the personal data is transmitted by using initials, full name or a special combination is described under 'Guidance - Personal Data (Patient Name)'A name associated with the patient
    Comments

    Names may be changed, or repudiated, or people may have different names in different contexts. Names may be divided into parts of different type that have variable significance depending on context, though the division into parts does not always matter. With personal names, the different parts might or might not be imbued with some implicit meaning; various cultures associate different importance with the name parts and the degree to which systems must care about name parts around the world varies widely.


    A patient may have multiple names with different uses or applicable periods. For animals, the name is a "HumanName" in the sense that is assigned and used by humans and has the same patterns.

    Control10..1*
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeHumanName(Human Name)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Requirements

    Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ch-core-hm-1: if officalName with eCH-011 Extension is specified, it can only be put on a name where use attribute is official (family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name' and value='officialName').empty() or (family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name' and value='officialName').exists() and use='official'))
    ch-core-hm-2: if orginalName with eCH-011 Extension is specified, it can only be put on a name where use attribute is maiden (family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name' and value='originalName').empty() or ((family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name' and value='originalName').exists() and use='maiden')))
    ch-core-hm-3: ch-ext-ech-11-name can only be put on a family name (descendants().extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name').count()=family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name').count())
    ch-core-hm-4: ch-ext-ech-11-firstname can only be put on a given name (descendants().extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-firstname').count()=given.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-firstname').count())
    name-initials: a name with initials (given.exists() and given.first().exists() and (''+given.first()).length() = 1 and family.exists() and (''+family).length() = 1)
    33. Patient.name.extension:vctcode
    Slice Namevctcode
    Definition

    This CH ELM extension enables to proivde the VCT Code.

    ShortCH ELM Extension: VCT Code
    Control0..1
    TypeExtension(CH ELM Extension: VCT code) (Extension Type: string)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    35. Patient.name.extension:hivcode
    Slice Namehivcode
    Definition

    This CH ELM extension enables to proivde the HIV Code.

    ShortCH ELM Extension: HIV Code
    Control0..1
    TypeExtension(CH ELM Extension: HIV code) (Extension Type: string)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    37. Patient.name.use
    Definition

    Identifies the purpose for this name.

    Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
    Comments

    Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

    Control0..1
    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1
    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1)

    The use of a human name.

    Typecode
    Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    39. Patient.name.family
    Definition

    The part of a name that links to the genealogy. In some cultures (e.g. Eritrea) the family name of a son is the first name of his father.

    Shortmasked when using HIV/VCT-extensions (see IG guidance).Family name (often called 'Surname')
    Comments

    Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

    Control10..1
    Typestring
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Alternate Namessurname
    Max Length:100
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    41. Patient.name.family.extension:ech11name
    Slice Nameech11name
    Definition

    Extension for eCH-0011 - namedatatype

    ShortExtension
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(Name) (Extension Type: code)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    43. Patient.name.family.extension:dataabsentreason
    Slice Namedataabsentreason
    Definition

    Provides a reason why the expected value or elements in the element that is extended are missing.

    Shortunknown | asked | temp | notasked | masked | unsupported | astext | error
    Control0..1
    TypeExtension(Data Absent Reason) (Extension Type: code)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    45. Patient.name.given
    Definition

    Given name.

    Shortmasked when using HIV/VCT-extensions (see IG guidance).Given names (not always 'first'). Includes middle names
    Comments

    If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

    Control10..1*
    Typestring
    Is Modifierfalse
    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
    Summarytrue
    Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
    Max Length:100
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    47. Patient.name.given.extension:ech11firstname
    Slice Nameech11firstname
    Definition

    eCH-0011: Extension to define first name type

    ShortExtension
    Control0..1
    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
    TypeExtension(First Name) (Extension Type: code)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    49. Patient.name.given.extension:dataabsentreason
    Slice Namedataabsentreason
    Definition

    Provides a reason why the expected value or elements in the element that is extended are missing.

    Shortunknown | asked | temp | notasked | masked | unsupported | astext | error
    Control0..1
    TypeExtension(Data Absent Reason) (Extension Type: code)
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summaryfalse
    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
    51. Patient.telecom
    Definition

    A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

    ShortA contact detail for the individual
    Comments

    A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

    Control0..0*
    TypeContactPoint
    Is Modifierfalse
    Summarytrue
    Requirements

    People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.telecom. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
    • value @ system
    • 53. Patient.telecom:email
      Slice Nameemail
      Definition

      Details for all kinds of technology mediated contact points for a person or organization, including telephone, email, etc.


      A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

      ShortCH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 EmailA contact detail for the individual
      Comments

      A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

      Control0..0*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeContactPoint(CH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Email)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Requirements

      People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

      Invariantscpt-2: A system is required if a value is provided. (value.empty() or system.exists())
      ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      55. Patient.telecom:phone
      Slice Namephone
      Definition

      Details for all kinds of technology mediated contact points for a person or organization, including telephone, email, etc.


      A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

      ShortCH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 PhoneA contact detail for the individual
      Comments

      A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

      Control0..0*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeContactPoint(CH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Phone)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Requirements

      People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

      Invariantscpt-2: A system is required if a value is provided. (value.empty() or system.exists())
      ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      61. Patient.telecom:internet
      Slice Nameinternet
      Definition

      Details for all kinds of technology mediated contact points for a person or organization, including telephone, email, etc.


      A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

      ShortCH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 InternetA contact detail for the individual
      Comments

      A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

      Control0..0*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeContactPoint(CH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Internet)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Requirements

      People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

      Invariantscpt-2: A system is required if a value is provided. (value.empty() or system.exists())
      ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      63. Patient.gender
      Definition

      Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

      Shortmale | female | othermale | female | other | unknown
      Comments

      The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

      Control10..1
      BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGenderhttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1
      (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

      The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

      Typecode
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      65. Patient.birthDate
      Definition

      The date of birth for the individual.

      ShortThe date of birth for the individual
      Comments

      At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

      Control10..1
      Typedate
      Is Modifierfalse
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ch-elm-dateTime: At least the format YYYY-MM-DD is required. ($this.toString().length() >= 10)
      LOINC Code21112-8
      67. Patient.deceased[x]
      Definition

      Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

      ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
      Comments

      If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

      Control0..1
      TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
      Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
      Summarytrue
      Requirements

      The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      69. Patient.address
      Definition

      An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.


      An address for the individual.

      ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)An address for the individual
      Comments

      Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).


      Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

      Control0..1*
      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
      TypeAddress(CH Core Address)
      Is Modifierfalse
      Must Supporttrue
      Requirements

      May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
      ch-addr-2: For a Swiss address, a canton abbreviation from the value set 'eCH-0007 Canton Abbreviation' must be used. (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').empty() or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH') = false) or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH').exists() and (state.empty() or state.memberOf('http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ech-7-cantonabbreviation'))))
      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
      • value @ use
      • 71. Patient.address:home
        Slice Namehome
        Definition

        An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.


        An address for the individual.

        ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)An address for the individual
        Comments

        Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).


        Patient may have multiple addresses with different uses or applicable periods.

        Control0..1*
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
        TypeAddress(CH Core Address)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Must Supporttrue
        Requirements

        May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ch-addr-2: For a Swiss address, a canton abbreviation from the value set 'eCH-0007 Canton Abbreviation' must be used. (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').empty() or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH') = false) or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH').exists() and (state.empty() or state.memberOf('http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ech-7-cantonabbreviation'))))
        73. Patient.address:home.use
        Definition

        The purpose of this address.

        Shorthome | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address
        Comments

        Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

        Control10..1
        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressUsehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1
        (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1)

        The use of an address.

        Typecode
        Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old address etc.for a current/permanent one
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summarytrue
        Requirements

        Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

        Pattern Valuehome
        Example<br/><b>General</b>:home
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        75. Patient.address:home.line
        Definition

        This component contains the house number, apartment number, street name, street direction, P.O. Box number, delivery hints, and similar address information.

        ShortStreet name, number, direction & P.O. Box etc.
        Control0..0*
        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Summarytrue
        Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        107. Patient.address:home.city
        Definition

        The name of the city, town, suburb, village or other community or delivery center.

        ShortName of city, town etc.
        Control0..1
        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Must Supporttrue
        Summarytrue
        Alternate NamesMunicpality
        Max Length:50
        Example<br/><b>General</b>:Erewhon
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        109. Patient.address:home.city.extension:bfs
        Slice Namebfs
        Definition

        Extension for eCH-0011 - bfs number (ministry of statistics number)

        ShortExtension
        Control0..1
        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
        TypeExtension(eCH-0007 Municipality Id – BFS Gemeindenummer) (Extension Type: string)
        Is Modifierfalse
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        111. Patient.address:home.state
        Definition

        Sub-unit of a country with limited sovereignty in a federally organized country. A code may be used if codes are in common use (e.g. US 2 letter state codes).

        Shortsub-unit of country. canton-abbreviation is expected for a Swiss or Liechtenstein address.Sub-unit of country (abbreviations ok)
        Control0..1
        BindingFor example codes, see For codes, see eCH-0007 Canton Abbreviation incl. FL (Fürstentum Liechtenstein)
        (example to http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ech-7-cantonflabbreviation)

        Use these values for a Swiss or Liechtenstein address

        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Must Supporttrue
        Summarytrue
        Alternate NamesProvince, Territory
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        113. Patient.address:home.postalCode
        Definition

        A postal code designating a region defined by the postal service.

        ShortPostal code for area
        Control0..1
        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Must Supporttrue
        Summarytrue
        Alternate NamesZip
        Max Length:10
        Example<br/><b>General</b>:9132
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        115. Patient.address:home.country
        Definition

        Country - a nation as commonly understood or generally accepted.

        ShortCountry (e.g. can be ISO 3166 2 or 3 letter code)
        Comments

        ISO 3166 3 letter codes can be used in place of a human readable country name.

        Control0..1
        Typestring
        Is Modifierfalse
        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
        Must Supporttrue
        Summarytrue
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        117. Patient.address:home.country.extension
        Definition

        An Extension


        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

        ShortExtensionAdditional content defined by implementations
        Comments

        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

        Control10..*
        TypeExtension
        Is Modifierfalse
        Summaryfalse
        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.country.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
        • value @ url
        • 119. Patient.address:home.country.extension:countrycode
          Slice Namecountrycode
          Definition

          Provides a coded expression for the content represented in a string.

          Shortcode for string
          Control1..1
          This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
          TypeExtension(SC-coding) (Extension Type: Coding)
          Is Modifierfalse
          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          ch-addr-1: ISO Country Alpha-2 or ISO Country Alpha-3 code (((value.code.length()=2) and value.code.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2')) or ((value.code.length() = 3) and value.code.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3')))
          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
          121. Patient.contact
          Definition

          A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

          ShortA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
          Comments

          Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

          Control0..*
          TypeBackboneElement
          Is Modifierfalse
          Summaryfalse
          Requirements

          Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
          pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
          pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.contact. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
          • value @ relationship
          • 123. Patient.contact.modifierExtension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            125. Patient.contact:contact
            Slice Namecontact
            Definition

            A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

            ShortContact data if it is not address of patientA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
            Comments

            Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

            Control0..1*
            TypeBackboneElement
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
            pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
            127. Patient.contact:contact.modifierExtension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            129. Patient.contact:contact.relationship
            Definition

            The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

            ShortThe kind of relationship
            Control10..1*
            BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationshiphttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship
            (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

            The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

            TypeCodeableConcept
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

            Pattern Value{
              "coding" : [{
                "system" : "http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/CodeSystem/ech-11",
                "code" : "contactData"
              }]
            }
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            131. Patient.contact:contact.telecom
            Definition

            A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

            ShortA contact detail for the person
            Comments

            Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

            Control0..0*
            TypeContactPoint
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            133. Patient.contact:contact.address
            Definition

            An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.


            Address for the contact person.

            ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)Address for the contact person
            Comments

            Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

            Control10..1
            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
            TypeAddress(CH Core Postal Address)
            Is Modifierfalse
            Requirements

            Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ch-addr-2: For a Swiss address, a canton abbreviation from the value set 'eCH-0007 Canton Abbreviation' must be used. (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').empty() or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH') = false) or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH').exists() and (state.empty() or state.memberOf('http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ech-7-cantonabbreviation'))))
            135. Patient.contact:nameOfParent
            Slice NamenameOfParent
            Definition

            A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

            ShortName of parentA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
            Comments

            Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

            Control0..*
            TypeBackboneElement
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
            pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
            137. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.modifierExtension
            Definition

            May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

            Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

            ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
            Comments

            There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

            Control0..*
            TypeExtension
            Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
            Summarytrue
            Requirements

            Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

            Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
            139. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.relationship
            Definition

            The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

            ShortThe kind of relationship
            Control10..1*
            BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationshiphttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship
            (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

            The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

            TypeCodeableConcept
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

            Pattern Value{
              "coding" : [{
                "system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-RoleCode",
                "code" : "PRN"
              }]
            }
            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            141. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.name
            Definition

            A name associated with the contact person.

            ShortA name associated with the contact person
            Control10..1
            TypeHumanName
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            143. Patient.communication
            Definition

            A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

            ShortA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
            Comments

            If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

            Control0..*
            TypeBackboneElement
            Is Modifierfalse
            Summaryfalse
            Requirements

            If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.communication. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
            • value @ preferred
            • 145. Patient.communication.modifierExtension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              147. Patient.communication.language
              Definition

              The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

              ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
              Comments

              The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

              Control1..1
              BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguageshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages
              (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

              A human language.

              Additional BindingsPurpose
              AllLanguagesMax Binding
              TypeCodeableConcept
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              149. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence
              Slice NamelanguageOfCorrespondence
              Definition

              A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

              ShortLanguage of correspondenceA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
              Comments

              If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

              Control0..1*
              TypeBackboneElement
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              151. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence.modifierExtension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              153. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence.language
              Definition

              The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

              ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
              Comments

              The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

              Control1..1
              BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguageshttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages
              (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

              A human language.

              Additional BindingsPurpose
              AllLanguagesMax Binding
              TypeCodeableConcept
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              155. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence.preferred
              Definition

              Indicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level).

              ShortLanguage preference indicator
              Comments

              This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information.

              Control10..1
              Typeboolean
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summaryfalse
              Requirements

              People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method.

              Fixed Valuetrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              157. Patient.link
              Definition

              Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

              ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
              Comments

              There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

              Control0..*
              TypeBackboneElement
              Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              There are multiple use cases:

              • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
              • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              159. Patient.link.modifierExtension
              Definition

              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

              Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

              ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
              Comments

              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
              Summarytrue
              Requirements

              Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

              Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              161. Patient.link.other
              Definition

              The other patient resource that the link refers to.

              ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
              Comments

              Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

              Control1..1
              TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              163. Patient.link.type
              Definition

              The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

              Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
              Control1..1
              BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkTypehttp://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1
              (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

              The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

              Typecode
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))

              Guidance on how to interpret the contents of this table can be found here

              0. Patient
              Definition

              The CH Core Patient is based upon the core FHIR Patient Resource and designed to meet the applicable patient demographic data elements in Switzerland. See also https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/register/personenregister/registerharmonisierung/nomenklaturen.html for further information

              ShortCH ELM Patient
              Control0..*
              Is Modifierfalse
              Impose ProfileThis profile also requires that the instance also conform this additional profile:
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate NamesSubjectOfCare Client Resident
              Invariantsdom-2: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources (contained.contained.empty())
              dom-3: If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource (contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty())
              dom-4: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated (contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty())
              dom-5: If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label (contained.meta.security.empty())
              dom-6: A resource should have narrative for robust management (text.`div`.exists())
              ch-pat-1: At least one HumanName with given and family name must be provided. (name.where(family.exists() and given.exists()).count()>0 or name.empty())
              ch-pat-2: gender unknown is currently not used in Switzerland in eCH and the EPR (gender.empty() or gender!='unknown')
              2. Patient.id
              Definition

              The logical id of the resource, as used in the URL for the resource. Once assigned, this value never changes.

              ShortLogical id of this artifact
              Comments

              The only time that a resource does not have an id is when it is being submitted to the server using a create operation.

              Control0..1
              Typeid
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              4. Patient.meta
              Definition

              The metadata about the resource. This is content that is maintained by the infrastructure. Changes to the content might not always be associated with version changes to the resource.

              ShortMetadata about the resource
              Control0..1
              TypeMeta
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              6. Patient.implicitRules
              Definition

              A reference to a set of rules that were followed when the resource was constructed, and which must be understood when processing the content. Often, this is a reference to an implementation guide that defines the special rules along with other profiles etc.

              ShortA set of rules under which this content was created
              Comments

              Asserting this rule set restricts the content to be only understood by a limited set of trading partners. This inherently limits the usefulness of the data in the long term. However, the existing health eco-system is highly fractured, and not yet ready to define, collect, and exchange data in a generally computable sense. Wherever possible, implementers and/or specification writers should avoid using this element. Often, when used, the URL is a reference to an implementation guide that defines these special rules as part of it's narrative along with other profiles, value sets, etc.

              Control0..1
              Typeuri
              Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because the implicit rules may provide additional knowledge about the resource that modifies it's meaning or interpretation
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summarytrue
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              8. Patient.language
              Definition

              The base language in which the resource is written.

              ShortLanguage of the resource content
              Comments

              Language is provided to support indexing and accessibility (typically, services such as text to speech use the language tag). The html language tag in the narrative applies to the narrative. The language tag on the resource may be used to specify the language of other presentations generated from the data in the resource. Not all the content has to be in the base language. The Resource.language should not be assumed to apply to the narrative automatically. If a language is specified, it should it also be specified on the div element in the html (see rules in HTML5 for information about the relationship between xml:lang and the html lang attribute).

              Control0..1
              BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
              (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

              A human language.

              Additional BindingsPurpose
              AllLanguagesMax Binding
              Typecode
              Is Modifierfalse
              Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              10. Patient.text
              Definition

              A human-readable narrative that contains a summary of the resource and can be used to represent the content of the resource to a human. The narrative need not encode all the structured data, but is required to contain sufficient detail to make it "clinically safe" for a human to just read the narrative. Resource definitions may define what content should be represented in the narrative to ensure clinical safety.

              ShortText summary of the resource, for human interpretation
              Comments

              Contained resources do not have narrative. Resources that are not contained SHOULD have a narrative. In some cases, a resource may only have text with little or no additional discrete data (as long as all minOccurs=1 elements are satisfied). This may be necessary for data from legacy systems where information is captured as a "text blob" or where text is additionally entered raw or narrated and encoded information is added later.

              Control0..1
              TypeNarrative
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate Namesnarrative, html, xhtml, display
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              12. Patient.contained
              Definition

              These resources do not have an independent existence apart from the resource that contains them - they cannot be identified independently, and nor can they have their own independent transaction scope.

              ShortContained, inline Resources
              Comments

              This should never be done when the content can be identified properly, as once identification is lost, it is extremely difficult (and context dependent) to restore it again. Contained resources may have profiles and tags In their meta elements, but SHALL NOT have security labels.

              Control0..*
              TypeResource
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Alternate Namesinline resources, anonymous resources, contained resources
              14. Patient.extension
              Definition

              An Extension

              ShortExtension
              Control0..*
              TypeExtension
              Is Modifierfalse
              Summaryfalse
              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
              • value @ url
              • 16. Patient.extension:placeOfBirth
                Slice NameplaceOfBirth
                Definition

                The registered place of birth of the patient.

                ShortPlace of birth of patient
                Control0..1
                TypeExtension(Place of Birth according to eCH-0011) (Extension Type: Address(Address for Place of Birth))
                Is Modifierfalse
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                18. Patient.extension:placeOfOrigin
                Slice NameplaceOfOrigin
                Definition

                The registered place of origin of the patient.

                ShortPlace of origin(s) of patient
                Control0..*
                This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                TypeExtension(Place of Origin according to eCH-0011) (Extension Type: Address)
                Is Modifierfalse
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                20. Patient.extension:citizenship
                Slice Namecitizenship
                Definition

                The content of the country code element (if present) SHALL be selected EITHER from ValueSet ISO Country Alpha-2 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2 OR MAY be selected from ISO Country Alpha-3 Value Set http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3, if the country is not specified in value Set ISO Country Alpha-2 http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2.

                ShortCitizenship(s) of patient
                Control0..*
                TypeExtension(Patient Citizenship) (Complex Extension)
                Is Modifierfalse
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                ch-pat-3: ISO Country Alpha-2 or ISO Country Alpha-3 code (((extension.where(url='code').value.coding.code.length()=2) and extension.where(url='code').value.coding.code.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2')) or ((extension.where(url='code').value.coding.code.length() = 3) and extension.where(url='code').value.coding.code.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3')))
                22. Patient.extension:religion
                Slice Namereligion
                Definition

                The patient's professed religious affiliations.

                ShortReligion of patient
                Control0..1
                TypeExtension(Patient Religion) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
                Is Modifierfalse
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                24. Patient.modifierExtension
                Definition

                May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the resource and that modifies the understanding of the element that contains it and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer is allowed to define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored
                Comments

                There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                Control0..*
                TypeExtension
                Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the resource that contains them
                Summaryfalse
                Requirements

                Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                26. Patient.identifier
                Definition

                An identifier for this patient.

                ShortAn identifier for this patient
                NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                Control0..1
                TypeIdentifier
                Is Modifierfalse
                Must Supporttrue
                Summarytrue
                Requirements

                Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.identifier. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                • pattern @ $this
                • 28. Patient.identifier:EPR-SPID
                  Slice NameEPR-SPID
                  Definition

                  An identifier - identifies some entity uniquely and unambiguously. Typically this is used for business identifiers.

                  ShortAn identifier intended for computation
                  NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                  Control0..0
                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                  TypeIdentifier(EPR-SPID Identifier)
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Requirements

                  Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "system" : "urn:oid:2.16.756.5.30.1.127.3.10.3"
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  30. Patient.identifier:AHVN13
                  Slice NameAHVN13
                  Definition

                  An identifier - identifies some entity uniquely and unambiguously. Typically this is used for business identifiers.

                  ShortOASI Number Switzerland
                  NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                  Control0..1
                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                  TypeIdentifier(AHVN13 / NAVS13 Identifier)
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Requirements

                  Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "system" : "urn:oid:2.16.756.5.32"
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  32. Patient.identifier:LocalPid
                  Slice NameLocalPid
                  Definition

                  An identifier for this patient.

                  ShortLocal patient identifier(s)
                  NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                  Control0..0
                  TypeIdentifier
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "type" : {
                      "coding" : [{
                        "system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v2-0203",
                        "code" : "MR"
                      }]
                    }
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  42. Patient.identifier:insuranceCardNumber
                  Slice NameinsuranceCardNumber
                  Definition

                  An identifier - identifies some entity uniquely and unambiguously. Typically this is used for business identifiers.

                  ShortAn identifier intended for computation
                  NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                  Control0..0
                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                  TypeIdentifier(Insurance Card Number (Identifier))
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Requirements

                  Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "system" : "urn:oid:2.16.756.5.30.1.123.100.1.1.1"
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  44. Patient.identifier:IDN
                  Slice NameIDN
                  Definition

                  An identifier for this patient.

                  ShortIDN Liechtenstein
                  NoteThis is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see discussion)
                  Control0..1
                  TypeIdentifier(IDN Identifier)
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Must Supporttrue
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Patients are almost always assigned specific numerical identifiers.

                  Pattern Value{
                    "system" : "urn:oid:2.16.438.10.20.10.10.1.2.1"
                  }
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  46. Patient.active
                  Definition

                  Whether this patient record is in active use. Many systems use this property to mark as non-current patients, such as those that have not been seen for a period of time based on an organization's business rules.

                  It is often used to filter patient lists to exclude inactive patients

                  Deceased patients may also be marked as inactive for the same reasons, but may be active for some time after death.

                  ShortWhether this patient's record is in active use
                  Comments

                  If a record is inactive, and linked to an active record, then future patient/record updates should occur on the other patient.

                  Control0..1
                  Typeboolean
                  Is Modifiertrue because This element is labelled as a modifier because it is a status element that can indicate that a record should not be treated as valid
                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                  Summarytrue
                  Requirements

                  Need to be able to mark a patient record as not to be used because it was created in error.

                  Meaning if MissingThis resource is generally assumed to be active if no value is provided for the active element
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  48. Patient.name
                  Definition

                  A human's name with the ability to identify parts and usage.

                  ShortWhether the personal data is transmitted by using initials, full name or a special combination is described under 'Guidance - Personal Data (Patient Name)'
                  Comments

                  Names may be changed, or repudiated, or people may have different names in different contexts. Names may be divided into parts of different type that have variable significance depending on context, though the division into parts does not always matter. With personal names, the different parts might or might not be imbued with some implicit meaning; various cultures associate different importance with the name parts and the degree to which systems must care about name parts around the world varies widely.

                  Control1..1
                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                  TypeHumanName(Human Name)
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Requirements

                  Need to be able to track the patient by multiple names. Examples are your official name and a partner name.

                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ch-core-hm-1: if officalName with eCH-011 Extension is specified, it can only be put on a name where use attribute is official (family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name' and value='officialName').empty() or (family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name' and value='officialName').exists() and use='official'))
                  ch-core-hm-2: if orginalName with eCH-011 Extension is specified, it can only be put on a name where use attribute is maiden (family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name' and value='originalName').empty() or ((family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name' and value='originalName').exists() and use='maiden')))
                  ch-core-hm-3: ch-ext-ech-11-name can only be put on a family name (descendants().extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name').count()=family.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-name').count())
                  ch-core-hm-4: ch-ext-ech-11-firstname can only be put on a given name (descendants().extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-firstname').count()=given.extension.where(url='http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/StructureDefinition/ch-ext-ech-11-firstname').count())
                  name-initials: a name with initials (given.exists() and given.first().exists() and (''+given.first()).length() = 1 and family.exists() and (''+family).length() = 1)
                  50. Patient.name.id
                  Definition

                  Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                  ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                  Control0..1
                  Typestring
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                  Summaryfalse
                  52. Patient.name.extension
                  Definition

                  May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                  ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                  Comments

                  There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                  Control0..*
                  TypeExtension
                  Is Modifierfalse
                  Summaryfalse
                  Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                  SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                  • value @ url
                  • 54. Patient.name.extension:vctcode
                    Slice Namevctcode
                    Definition

                    This CH ELM extension enables to proivde the VCT Code.

                    ShortCH ELM Extension: VCT Code
                    Control0..1
                    TypeExtension(CH ELM Extension: VCT code) (Extension Type: string)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    56. Patient.name.extension:hivcode
                    Slice Namehivcode
                    Definition

                    This CH ELM extension enables to proivde the HIV Code.

                    ShortCH ELM Extension: HIV Code
                    Control0..1
                    TypeExtension(CH ELM Extension: HIV code) (Extension Type: string)
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    58. Patient.name.use
                    Definition

                    Identifies the purpose for this name.

                    Shortusual | official | temp | nickname | anonymous | old | maiden
                    Comments

                    Applications can assume that a name is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

                    Control0..1
                    BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from NameUse
                    (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/name-use|4.0.1)

                    The use of a human name.

                    Typecode
                    Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old name etc.for a current/permanent one
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    Allows the appropriate name for a particular context of use to be selected from among a set of names.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    60. Patient.name.text
                    Definition

                    Specifies the entire name as it should be displayed e.g. on an application UI. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts.

                    ShortText representation of the full name
                    Comments

                    Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating a name SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Requirements

                    A renderable, unencoded form.

                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    62. Patient.name.family
                    Definition

                    The part of a name that links to the genealogy. In some cultures (e.g. Eritrea) the family name of a son is the first name of his father.

                    Shortmasked when using HIV/VCT-extensions (see IG guidance).
                    Comments

                    Family Name may be decomposed into specific parts using extensions (de, nl, es related cultures).

                    Control1..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                    Summarytrue
                    Alternate Namessurname
                    Max Length:100
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    64. Patient.name.family.id
                    Definition

                    unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                    Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                    Control0..1
                    Typestring
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                    Summaryfalse
                    66. Patient.name.family.extension
                    Definition

                    An Extension

                    ShortExtension
                    Control0..*
                    TypeExtension
                    Is Modifierfalse
                    Summaryfalse
                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.family.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                    • value @ url
                    • 68. Patient.name.family.extension:ech11name
                      Slice Nameech11name
                      Definition

                      Extension for eCH-0011 - namedatatype

                      ShortExtension
                      Control0..1
                      This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                      TypeExtension(Name) (Extension Type: code)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      70. Patient.name.family.extension:dataabsentreason
                      Slice Namedataabsentreason
                      Definition

                      Provides a reason why the expected value or elements in the element that is extended are missing.

                      Shortunknown | asked | temp | notasked | masked | unsupported | astext | error
                      Control0..1
                      TypeExtension(Data Absent Reason) (Extension Type: code)
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      72. Patient.name.family.value
                      Definition

                      The actual value

                      ShortPrimitive value for string
                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                      Summaryfalse
                      Max Length:1048576
                      74. Patient.name.given
                      Definition

                      Given name.

                      Shortmasked when using HIV/VCT-extensions (see IG guidance).
                      Comments

                      If only initials are recorded, they may be used in place of the full name parts. Initials may be separated into multiple given names but often aren't due to paractical limitations. This element is not called "first name" since given names do not always come first.

                      Control1..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                      Summarytrue
                      Alternate Namesfirst name, middle name
                      Max Length:100
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      76. Patient.name.given.id
                      Definition

                      unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                      Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                      Control0..1
                      Typestring
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                      Summaryfalse
                      78. Patient.name.given.extension
                      Definition

                      An Extension

                      ShortExtension
                      Control0..*
                      TypeExtension
                      Is Modifierfalse
                      Summaryfalse
                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.given.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                      • value @ url
                      • 80. Patient.name.given.extension:ech11firstname
                        Slice Nameech11firstname
                        Definition

                        eCH-0011: Extension to define first name type

                        ShortExtension
                        Control0..1
                        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                        TypeExtension(First Name) (Extension Type: code)
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        82. Patient.name.given.extension:dataabsentreason
                        Slice Namedataabsentreason
                        Definition

                        Provides a reason why the expected value or elements in the element that is extended are missing.

                        Shortunknown | asked | temp | notasked | masked | unsupported | astext | error
                        Control0..1
                        TypeExtension(Data Absent Reason) (Extension Type: code)
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Summaryfalse
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        84. Patient.name.given.value
                        Definition

                        The actual value

                        ShortPrimitive value for string
                        Control0..1
                        Typestring
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                        Summaryfalse
                        Max Length:1048576
                        86. Patient.name.prefix
                        Definition

                        Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the start of the name.

                        ShortFor a salutation use a prefix without the iso21090-EN-qualifier extension. For academical titles and legal status use the http://hl7.org/fhir/ExtensionDefinition/iso21090-EN-qualifier with the codes AC, LS.
                        Control0..*
                        Typestring
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                        Summarytrue
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        88. Patient.name.prefix.id
                        Definition

                        unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                        Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                        Control0..1
                        Typestring
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                        Summaryfalse
                        90. Patient.name.prefix.extension
                        Definition

                        An Extension

                        ShortExtension
                        Control0..*
                        TypeExtension
                        Is Modifierfalse
                        Summaryfalse
                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.name.prefix.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                        • value @ url
                        • 92. Patient.name.prefix.extension:salutationandtitle
                          Slice Namesalutationandtitle
                          Definition

                          A set of codes each of which specifies a certain subcategory of the name part in addition to the main name part type.

                          ShortFor academical titles and legal status use the http://hl7.org/fhir/ExtensionDefinition/iso21090-EN-qualifier with the codes AC, LS.
                          Comments

                          Used to indicate additional information about the name part and how it should be used.

                          Control0..*
                          TypeExtension(EN Qualifier) (Extension Type: code)
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                          94. Patient.name.prefix.value
                          Definition

                          The actual value

                          ShortPrimitive value for string
                          Control0..1
                          Typestring
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                          Summaryfalse
                          Max Length:1048576
                          96. Patient.name.suffix
                          Definition

                          Part of the name that is acquired as a title due to academic, legal, employment or nobility status, etc. and that appears at the end of the name.

                          ShortParts that come after the name
                          Control0..*
                          Typestring
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                          Summarytrue
                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          98. Patient.name.period
                          Definition

                          Indicates the period of time when this name was valid for the named person.

                          ShortTime period when name was/is in use
                          Control0..1
                          TypePeriod
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Summarytrue
                          Requirements

                          Allows names to be placed in historical context.

                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          100. Patient.telecom
                          Definition

                          A contact detail (e.g. a telephone number or an email address) by which the individual may be contacted.

                          ShortA contact detail for the individual
                          Comments

                          A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

                          Control0..0
                          TypeContactPoint
                          Is Modifierfalse
                          Summarytrue
                          Requirements

                          People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                          SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.telecom. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                          • value @ system
                          • 102. Patient.telecom:email
                            Slice Nameemail
                            Definition

                            Details for all kinds of technology mediated contact points for a person or organization, including telephone, email, etc.

                            ShortCH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Email
                            Comments

                            A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

                            Control0..0
                            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                            TypeContactPoint(CH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Email)
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Requirements

                            People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                            Invariantscpt-2: A system is required if a value is provided. (value.empty() or system.exists())
                            ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            104. Patient.telecom:phone
                            Slice Namephone
                            Definition

                            Details for all kinds of technology mediated contact points for a person or organization, including telephone, email, etc.

                            ShortCH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Phone
                            Comments

                            A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

                            Control0..0
                            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                            TypeContactPoint(CH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Phone)
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Requirements

                            People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                            Invariantscpt-2: A system is required if a value is provided. (value.empty() or system.exists())
                            ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            121. Patient.telecom:internet
                            Slice Nameinternet
                            Definition

                            Details for all kinds of technology mediated contact points for a person or organization, including telephone, email, etc.

                            ShortCH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Internet
                            Comments

                            A Patient may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently and also to help with identification. The address might not go directly to the individual, but may reach another party that is able to proxy for the patient (i.e. home phone, or pet owner's phone).

                            Control0..0
                            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                            TypeContactPoint(CH Core ContactPoint eCH-0046 Internet)
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Requirements

                            People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                            Invariantscpt-2: A system is required if a value is provided. (value.empty() or system.exists())
                            ele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            123. Patient.gender
                            Definition

                            Administrative Gender - the gender that the patient is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                            Shortmale | female | other
                            Comments

                            The gender might not match the biological sex as determined by genetics or the individual's preferred identification. Note that for both humans and particularly animals, there are other legitimate possibilities than male and female, though the vast majority of systems and contexts only support male and female. Systems providing decision support or enforcing business rules should ideally do this on the basis of Observations dealing with the specific sex or gender aspect of interest (anatomical, chromosomal, social, etc.) However, because these observations are infrequently recorded, defaulting to the administrative gender is common practice. Where such defaulting occurs, rule enforcement should allow for the variation between administrative and biological, chromosomal and other gender aspects. For example, an alert about a hysterectomy on a male should be handled as a warning or overridable error, not a "hard" error. See the Patient Gender and Sex section for additional information about communicating patient gender and sex.

                            Control1..1
                            BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                            (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                            The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                            Typecode
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                            Summarytrue
                            Requirements

                            Needed for identification of the individual, in combination with (at least) name and birth date.

                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            125. Patient.birthDate
                            Definition

                            The date of birth for the individual.

                            ShortThe date of birth for the individual
                            Comments

                            At least an estimated year should be provided as a guess if the real DOB is unknown There is a standard extension "patient-birthTime" available that should be used where Time is required (such as in maternity/infant care systems).

                            Control1..1
                            Typedate
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                            Summarytrue
                            Requirements

                            Age of the individual drives many clinical processes.

                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            ch-elm-dateTime: At least the format YYYY-MM-DD is required. ($this.toString().length() >= 10)
                            LOINC Code21112-8
                            127. Patient.deceased[x]
                            Definition

                            Indicates if the individual is deceased or not.

                            ShortIndicates if the individual is deceased or not
                            Comments

                            If there's no value in the instance, it means there is no statement on whether or not the individual is deceased. Most systems will interpret the absence of a value as a sign of the person being alive.

                            Control0..1
                            TypeChoice of: boolean, dateTime
                            [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                            Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because once a patient is marked as deceased, the actions that are appropriate to perform on the patient may be significantly different.
                            Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                            Summarytrue
                            Requirements

                            The fact that a patient is deceased influences the clinical process. Also, in human communication and relation management it is necessary to know whether the person is alive.

                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            129. Patient.address
                            Definition

                            An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.

                            ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)
                            Comments

                            Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

                            Control0..1
                            This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                            TypeAddress(CH Core Address)
                            Is Modifierfalse
                            Must Supporttrue
                            Requirements

                            May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

                            Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                            ch-addr-2: For a Swiss address, a canton abbreviation from the value set 'eCH-0007 Canton Abbreviation' must be used. (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').empty() or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH') = false) or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH').exists() and (state.empty() or state.memberOf('http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ech-7-cantonabbreviation'))))
                            SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                            • value @ use
                            • 131. Patient.address:home
                              Slice Namehome
                              Definition

                              An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.

                              ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)
                              Comments

                              Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

                              Control0..1
                              This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                              TypeAddress(CH Core Address)
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Must Supporttrue
                              Requirements

                              May need to keep track of patient addresses for contacting, billing or reporting requirements and also to help with identification.

                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ch-addr-2: For a Swiss address, a canton abbreviation from the value set 'eCH-0007 Canton Abbreviation' must be used. (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').empty() or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH') = false) or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH').exists() and (state.empty() or state.memberOf('http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ech-7-cantonabbreviation'))))
                              133. Patient.address:home.id
                              Definition

                              Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                              ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                              Control0..1
                              Typestring
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                              Summaryfalse
                              135. Patient.address:home.extension
                              Definition

                              May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                              ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                              Comments

                              There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                              Control0..*
                              TypeExtension
                              Is Modifierfalse
                              Summaryfalse
                              Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                              Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                              ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                              SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                              • value @ url
                              • 137. Patient.address:home.use
                                Definition

                                The purpose of this address.

                                Shorthome | work | temp | old | billing - purpose of this address
                                Comments

                                Applications can assume that an address is current unless it explicitly says that it is temporary or old.

                                Control1..1
                                BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressUse
                                (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-use|4.0.1)

                                The use of an address.

                                Typecode
                                Is Modifiertrue because This is labeled as "Is Modifier" because applications should not mistake a temporary or old address etc.for a current/permanent one
                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                Summarytrue
                                Requirements

                                Allows an appropriate address to be chosen from a list of many.

                                Pattern Valuehome
                                Example<br/><b>General</b>:home
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                139. Patient.address:home.type
                                Definition

                                Distinguishes between physical addresses (those you can visit) and mailing addresses (e.g. PO Boxes and care-of addresses). Most addresses are both.

                                Shortpostal | physical | both
                                Comments

                                The definition of Address states that "address is intended to describe postal addresses, not physical locations". However, many applications track whether an address has a dual purpose of being a location that can be visited as well as being a valid delivery destination, and Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

                                Control0..1
                                BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AddressType
                                (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/address-type|4.0.1)

                                The type of an address (physical / postal).

                                Typecode
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                Summarytrue
                                Example<br/><b>General</b>:both
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                141. Patient.address:home.text
                                Definition

                                Specifies the entire address as it should be displayed e.g. on a postal label. This may be provided instead of or as well as the specific parts.

                                ShortText representation of the address
                                Comments

                                Can provide both a text representation and parts. Applications updating an address SHALL ensure that when both text and parts are present, no content is included in the text that isn't found in a part.

                                Control0..1
                                Typestring
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                Summarytrue
                                Requirements

                                A renderable, unencoded form.

                                Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street, Erewhon 9132
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                143. Patient.address:home.line
                                Definition

                                This component contains the house number, apartment number, street name, street direction, P.O. Box number, delivery hints, and similar address information.

                                ShortStreet name, number, direction & P.O. Box etc.
                                Control0..0
                                Typestring
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                Summarytrue
                                Example<br/><b>General</b>:137 Nowhere Street
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                184. Patient.address:home.city
                                Definition

                                The name of the city, town, suburb, village or other community or delivery center.

                                ShortName of city, town etc.
                                Control0..1
                                Typestring
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                Must Supporttrue
                                Summarytrue
                                Alternate NamesMunicpality
                                Max Length:50
                                Example<br/><b>General</b>:Erewhon
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                186. Patient.address:home.city.id
                                Definition

                                unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                                Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                                Control0..1
                                Typestring
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                Summaryfalse
                                188. Patient.address:home.city.extension
                                Definition

                                An Extension

                                ShortExtension
                                Control0..*
                                TypeExtension
                                Is Modifierfalse
                                Summaryfalse
                                Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.city.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                • value @ url
                                • 190. Patient.address:home.city.extension:bfs
                                  Slice Namebfs
                                  Definition

                                  Extension for eCH-0011 - bfs number (ministry of statistics number)

                                  ShortExtension
                                  Control0..1
                                  This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                                  TypeExtension(eCH-0007 Municipality Id – BFS Gemeindenummer) (Extension Type: string)
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                  192. Patient.address:home.city.value
                                  Definition

                                  The actual value

                                  ShortPrimitive value for string
                                  Control0..1
                                  Typestring
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                  Summaryfalse
                                  Max Length:1048576
                                  194. Patient.address:home.district
                                  Definition

                                  The name of the administrative area (county).

                                  ShortDistrict name (aka county)
                                  Comments

                                  District is sometimes known as county, but in some regions 'county' is used in place of city (municipality), so county name should be conveyed in city instead.

                                  Control0..1
                                  Typestring
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                  Summarytrue
                                  Alternate NamesCounty
                                  Example<br/><b>General</b>:Madison
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  196. Patient.address:home.state
                                  Definition

                                  Sub-unit of a country with limited sovereignty in a federally organized country. A code may be used if codes are in common use (e.g. US 2 letter state codes).

                                  Shortsub-unit of country. canton-abbreviation is expected for a Swiss or Liechtenstein address.
                                  Control0..1
                                  BindingFor example codes, see eCH-0007 Canton Abbreviation incl. FL (Fürstentum Liechtenstein)
                                  (example to http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ech-7-cantonflabbreviation)

                                  Use these values for a Swiss or Liechtenstein address

                                  Typestring
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                  Must Supporttrue
                                  Summarytrue
                                  Alternate NamesProvince, Territory
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  198. Patient.address:home.postalCode
                                  Definition

                                  A postal code designating a region defined by the postal service.

                                  ShortPostal code for area
                                  Control0..1
                                  Typestring
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                  Must Supporttrue
                                  Summarytrue
                                  Alternate NamesZip
                                  Max Length:10
                                  Example<br/><b>General</b>:9132
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  200. Patient.address:home.country
                                  Definition

                                  Country - a nation as commonly understood or generally accepted.

                                  ShortCountry (e.g. can be ISO 3166 2 or 3 letter code)
                                  Comments

                                  ISO 3166 3 letter codes can be used in place of a human readable country name.

                                  Control0..1
                                  Typestring
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                  Must Supporttrue
                                  Summarytrue
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  202. Patient.address:home.country.id
                                  Definition

                                  unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references)

                                  Shortxml:id (or equivalent in JSON)
                                  Control0..1
                                  Typestring
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                  Summaryfalse
                                  204. Patient.address:home.country.extension
                                  Definition

                                  An Extension

                                  ShortExtension
                                  Control1..*
                                  TypeExtension
                                  Is Modifierfalse
                                  Summaryfalse
                                  Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                  ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                  SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.address.country.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                  • value @ url
                                  • 206. Patient.address:home.country.extension:countrycode
                                    Slice Namecountrycode
                                    Definition

                                    Provides a coded expression for the content represented in a string.

                                    Shortcode for string
                                    Control1..1
                                    This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                                    TypeExtension(SC-coding) (Extension Type: Coding)
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                    ch-addr-1: ISO Country Alpha-2 or ISO Country Alpha-3 code (((value.code.length()=2) and value.code.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-2')) or ((value.code.length() = 3) and value.code.memberOf('http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/iso3166-1-3')))
                                    208. Patient.address:home.country.value
                                    Definition

                                    The actual value

                                    ShortPrimitive value for string
                                    Control0..1
                                    Typestring
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                    Summaryfalse
                                    Max Length:1048576
                                    210. Patient.address:home.period
                                    Definition

                                    Time period when address was/is in use.

                                    ShortTime period when address was/is in use
                                    Control0..1
                                    TypePeriod
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Summarytrue
                                    Requirements

                                    Allows addresses to be placed in historical context.

                                    Example<br/><b>General</b>:{ "start" : "2010-03-23", "end" : "2010-07-01" }
                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    212. Patient.maritalStatus
                                    Definition

                                    This field contains a patient's most recent marital (civil) status.

                                    ShortMarital (civil) status of a patient
                                    Control0..1
                                    BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from ChCoreMaritalStatus
                                    (extensible to http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ch-core-maritalstatus)
                                    TypeCodeableConcept
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Summaryfalse
                                    Requirements

                                    Most, if not all systems capture it.

                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    214. Patient.maritalStatus.id
                                    Definition

                                    Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                    ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                    Control0..1
                                    Typestring
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                    Summaryfalse
                                    216. Patient.maritalStatus.extension
                                    Definition

                                    May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                    ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                    Comments

                                    There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                    Control0..*
                                    TypeExtension
                                    Is Modifierfalse
                                    Summaryfalse
                                    Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                    Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                    ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                    SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.maritalStatus.extension. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                    • value @ url
                                    • 218. Patient.maritalStatus.extension:maritalDataSeparation
                                      Slice NamemaritalDataSeparation
                                      Definition

                                      Extension for eCH-0011 - MaritalData - separation

                                      ShortMaritalData Separation
                                      Control0..1
                                      TypeExtension(Marital Data - Separation Type) (Extension Type: CodeableConcept)
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                      220. Patient.maritalStatus.coding
                                      Definition

                                      A reference to a code defined by a terminology system.

                                      ShortCode defined by a terminology system
                                      Comments

                                      Codes may be defined very casually in enumerations, or code lists, up to very formal definitions such as SNOMED CT - see the HL7 v3 Core Principles for more information. Ordering of codings is undefined and SHALL NOT be used to infer meaning. Generally, at most only one of the coding values will be labeled as UserSelected = true.

                                      Control0..*
                                      TypeCoding
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Requirements

                                      Allows for alternative encodings within a code system, and translations to other code systems.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      222. Patient.maritalStatus.text
                                      Definition

                                      A human language representation of the concept as seen/selected/uttered by the user who entered the data and/or which represents the intended meaning of the user.

                                      ShortPlain text representation of the concept
                                      Comments

                                      Very often the text is the same as a displayName of one of the codings.

                                      Control0..1
                                      Typestring
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summarytrue
                                      Requirements

                                      The codes from the terminologies do not always capture the correct meaning with all the nuances of the human using them, or sometimes there is no appropriate code at all. In these cases, the text is used to capture the full meaning of the source.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      224. Patient.multipleBirth[x]
                                      Definition

                                      Indicates whether the patient is part of a multiple (boolean) or indicates the actual birth order (integer).

                                      ShortWhether patient is part of a multiple birth
                                      Comments

                                      Where the valueInteger is provided, the number is the birth number in the sequence. E.g. The middle birth in triplets would be valueInteger=2 and the third born would have valueInteger=3 If a boolean value was provided for this triplets example, then all 3 patient records would have valueBoolean=true (the ordering is not indicated).

                                      Control0..1
                                      TypeChoice of: boolean, integer
                                      [x] NoteSeeChoice of Data Typesfor further information about how to use [x]
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Requirements

                                      For disambiguation of multiple-birth children, especially relevant where the care provider doesn't meet the patient, such as labs.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      226. Patient.photo
                                      Definition

                                      Image of the patient.

                                      ShortImage of the patient
                                      Comments

                                      Guidelines:

                                      • Use id photos, not clinical photos.
                                      • Limit dimensions to thumbnail.
                                      • Keep byte count low to ease resource updates.
                                      Control0..*
                                      TypeAttachment
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Requirements

                                      Many EHR systems have the capability to capture an image of the patient. Fits with newer social media usage too.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      228. Patient.contact
                                      Definition

                                      A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

                                      ShortA contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient
                                      Comments

                                      Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

                                      Control0..*
                                      TypeBackboneElement
                                      Is Modifierfalse
                                      Summaryfalse
                                      Requirements

                                      Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

                                      Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                      pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
                                      SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.contact. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                      • value @ relationship
                                      • 230. Patient.contact.id
                                        Definition

                                        Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                        ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                        Control0..1
                                        Typestring
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        232. Patient.contact.extension
                                        Definition

                                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                        ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                        Comments

                                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        234. Patient.contact.modifierExtension
                                        Definition

                                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                        Comments

                                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension
                                        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                        Summarytrue
                                        Requirements

                                        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        236. Patient.contact.relationship
                                        Definition

                                        The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

                                        ShortThe kind of relationship
                                        Control0..*
                                        BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationship
                                        (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

                                        The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

                                        TypeCodeableConcept
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        238. Patient.contact.name
                                        Definition

                                        A name associated with the contact person.

                                        ShortA name associated with the contact person
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeHumanName
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        240. Patient.contact.telecom
                                        Definition

                                        A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

                                        ShortA contact detail for the person
                                        Comments

                                        Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeContactPoint
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        242. Patient.contact.address
                                        Definition

                                        Address for the contact person.

                                        ShortAddress for the contact person
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeAddress
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        244. Patient.contact.gender
                                        Definition

                                        Administrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                                        Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                                        Control0..1
                                        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                                        (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                                        The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                                        Typecode
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Needed to address the person correctly.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        246. Patient.contact.organization
                                        Definition

                                        Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

                                        ShortOrganization that is associated with the contact
                                        Control0..1
                                        This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
                                        TypeReference(Organization)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        248. Patient.contact.period
                                        Definition

                                        The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

                                        ShortThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypePeriod
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        250. Patient.contact:contact
                                        Slice Namecontact
                                        Definition

                                        A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

                                        ShortContact data if it is not address of patient
                                        Comments

                                        Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeBackboneElement
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
                                        252. Patient.contact:contact.id
                                        Definition

                                        Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                        ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                        Control0..1
                                        Typestring
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        254. Patient.contact:contact.extension
                                        Definition

                                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                        ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                        Comments

                                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        256. Patient.contact:contact.modifierExtension
                                        Definition

                                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                        Comments

                                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension
                                        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                        Summarytrue
                                        Requirements

                                        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        258. Patient.contact:contact.relationship
                                        Definition

                                        The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

                                        ShortThe kind of relationship
                                        Control1..1
                                        BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationship
                                        (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

                                        The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

                                        TypeCodeableConcept
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

                                        Pattern Value{
                                          "coding" : [{
                                            "system" : "http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/CodeSystem/ech-11",
                                            "code" : "contactData"
                                          }]
                                        }
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        260. Patient.contact:contact.name
                                        Definition

                                        A name associated with the contact person.

                                        ShortA name associated with the contact person
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeHumanName
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        262. Patient.contact:contact.telecom
                                        Definition

                                        A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

                                        ShortA contact detail for the person
                                        Comments

                                        Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

                                        Control0..0
                                        TypeContactPoint
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        264. Patient.contact:contact.address
                                        Definition

                                        An address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats). This data type may be used to convey addresses for use in delivering mail as well as for visiting locations which might not be valid for mail delivery. There are a variety of postal address formats defined around the world.

                                        ShortAn address expressed using postal conventions (as opposed to GPS or other location definition formats)
                                        Comments

                                        Note: address is intended to describe postal addresses for administrative purposes, not to describe absolute geographical coordinates. Postal addresses are often used as proxies for physical locations (also see the Location resource).

                                        Control1..1
                                        This element is affected by the following invariants: ele-1
                                        TypeAddress(CH Core Postal Address)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ch-addr-2: For a Swiss address, a canton abbreviation from the value set 'eCH-0007 Canton Abbreviation' must be used. (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').empty() or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH') = false) or (country.extension.where(url = 'http://hl7.org/fhir/StructureDefinition/iso21090-SC-coding').value.code.startsWith('CH').exists() and (state.empty() or state.memberOf('http://fhir.ch/ig/ch-core/ValueSet/ech-7-cantonabbreviation'))))
                                        266. Patient.contact:contact.gender
                                        Definition

                                        Administrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                                        Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                                        Control0..1
                                        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                                        (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                                        The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                                        Typecode
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Needed to address the person correctly.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        268. Patient.contact:contact.organization
                                        Definition

                                        Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

                                        ShortOrganization that is associated with the contact
                                        Control0..1
                                        This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
                                        TypeReference(Organization)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        270. Patient.contact:contact.period
                                        Definition

                                        The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

                                        ShortThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypePeriod
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        272. Patient.contact:nameOfParent
                                        Slice NamenameOfParent
                                        Definition

                                        A contact party (e.g. guardian, partner, friend) for the patient.

                                        ShortName of parent
                                        Comments

                                        Contact covers all kinds of contact parties: family members, business contacts, guardians, caregivers. Not applicable to register pedigree and family ties beyond use of having contact.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeBackboneElement
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Need to track people you can contact about the patient.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        pat-1: SHALL at least contain a contact's details or a reference to an organization (name.exists() or telecom.exists() or address.exists() or organization.exists())
                                        274. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.id
                                        Definition

                                        Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                        ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                        Control0..1
                                        Typestring
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        276. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.extension
                                        Definition

                                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                        ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                        Comments

                                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        278. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.modifierExtension
                                        Definition

                                        May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                        Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                        ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                        Comments

                                        There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeExtension
                                        Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                        Summarytrue
                                        Requirements

                                        Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                        Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                        280. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.relationship
                                        Definition

                                        The nature of the relationship between the patient and the contact person.

                                        ShortThe kind of relationship
                                        Control1..1
                                        BindingUnless not suitable, these codes SHALL be taken from PatientContactRelationship
                                        (extensible to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/patient-contactrelationship)

                                        The nature of the relationship between a patient and a contact person for that patient.

                                        TypeCodeableConcept
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Used to determine which contact person is the most relevant to approach, depending on circumstances.

                                        Pattern Value{
                                          "coding" : [{
                                            "system" : "http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/v3-RoleCode",
                                            "code" : "PRN"
                                          }]
                                        }
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        282. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.name
                                        Definition

                                        A name associated with the contact person.

                                        ShortA name associated with the contact person
                                        Control1..1
                                        TypeHumanName
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Contact persons need to be identified by name, but it is uncommon to need details about multiple other names for that contact person.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        284. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.telecom
                                        Definition

                                        A contact detail for the person, e.g. a telephone number or an email address.

                                        ShortA contact detail for the person
                                        Comments

                                        Contact may have multiple ways to be contacted with different uses or applicable periods. May need to have options for contacting the person urgently, and also to help with identification.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeContactPoint
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        People have (primary) ways to contact them in some way such as phone, email.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        286. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.address
                                        Definition

                                        Address for the contact person.

                                        ShortAddress for the contact person
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypeAddress
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Need to keep track where the contact person can be contacted per postal mail or visited.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        288. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.gender
                                        Definition

                                        Administrative Gender - the gender that the contact person is considered to have for administration and record keeping purposes.

                                        Shortmale | female | other | unknown
                                        Control0..1
                                        BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from AdministrativeGender
                                        (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/administrative-gender|4.0.1)

                                        The gender of a person used for administrative purposes.

                                        Typecode
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        Needed to address the person correctly.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        290. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.organization
                                        Definition

                                        Organization on behalf of which the contact is acting or for which the contact is working.

                                        ShortOrganization that is associated with the contact
                                        Control0..1
                                        This element is affected by the following invariants: pat-1
                                        TypeReference(Organization)
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        For guardians or business related contacts, the organization is relevant.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        292. Patient.contact:nameOfParent.period
                                        Definition

                                        The period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient.

                                        ShortThe period during which this contact person or organization is valid to be contacted relating to this patient
                                        Control0..1
                                        TypePeriod
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        294. Patient.communication
                                        Definition

                                        A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

                                        ShortA language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                                        Comments

                                        If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

                                        Control0..*
                                        TypeBackboneElement
                                        Is Modifierfalse
                                        Summaryfalse
                                        Requirements

                                        If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

                                        Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                        SlicingThis element introduces a set of slices on Patient.communication. The slices areUnordered and Open, and can be differentiated using the following discriminators:
                                        • value @ preferred
                                        • 296. Patient.communication.id
                                          Definition

                                          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                          Control0..1
                                          Typestring
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          298. Patient.communication.extension
                                          Definition

                                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                          Comments

                                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeExtension
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          300. Patient.communication.modifierExtension
                                          Definition

                                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                          Comments

                                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeExtension
                                          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                          Summarytrue
                                          Requirements

                                          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          302. Patient.communication.language
                                          Definition

                                          The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

                                          ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                                          Comments

                                          The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

                                          Control1..1
                                          BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
                                          (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

                                          A human language.

                                          Additional BindingsPurpose
                                          AllLanguagesMax Binding
                                          TypeCodeableConcept
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Requirements

                                          Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          304. Patient.communication.preferred
                                          Definition

                                          Indicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level).

                                          ShortLanguage preference indicator
                                          Comments

                                          This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information.

                                          Control0..1
                                          Typeboolean
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Requirements

                                          People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method.

                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          306. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence
                                          Slice NamelanguageOfCorrespondence
                                          Definition

                                          A language which may be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health.

                                          ShortLanguage of correspondence
                                          Comments

                                          If no language is specified, this implies that the default local language is spoken. If you need to convey proficiency for multiple modes, then you need multiple Patient.Communication associations. For animals, language is not a relevant field, and should be absent from the instance. If the Patient does not speak the default local language, then the Interpreter Required Standard can be used to explicitly declare that an interpreter is required.

                                          Control0..1
                                          TypeBackboneElement
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Requirements

                                          If a patient does not speak the local language, interpreters may be required, so languages spoken and proficiency are important things to keep track of both for patient and other persons of interest.

                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          308. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence.id
                                          Definition

                                          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                          Control0..1
                                          Typestring
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          310. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence.extension
                                          Definition

                                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                          Comments

                                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeExtension
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          312. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence.modifierExtension
                                          Definition

                                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                          Comments

                                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeExtension
                                          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                          Summarytrue
                                          Requirements

                                          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          314. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence.language
                                          Definition

                                          The ISO-639-1 alpha 2 code in lower case for the language, optionally followed by a hyphen and the ISO-3166-1 alpha 2 code for the region in upper case; e.g. "en" for English, or "en-US" for American English versus "en-EN" for England English.

                                          ShortThe language which can be used to communicate with the patient about his or her health
                                          Comments

                                          The structure aa-BB with this exact casing is one the most widely used notations for locale. However not all systems actually code this but instead have it as free text. Hence CodeableConcept instead of code as the data type.

                                          Control1..1
                                          BindingThe codes SHOULD be taken from CommonLanguages
                                          (preferred to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/languages)

                                          A human language.

                                          Additional BindingsPurpose
                                          AllLanguagesMax Binding
                                          TypeCodeableConcept
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Requirements

                                          Most systems in multilingual countries will want to convey language. Not all systems actually need the regional dialect.

                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          316. Patient.communication:languageOfCorrespondence.preferred
                                          Definition

                                          Indicates whether or not the patient prefers this language (over other languages he masters up a certain level).

                                          ShortLanguage preference indicator
                                          Comments

                                          This language is specifically identified for communicating healthcare information.

                                          Control1..1
                                          Typeboolean
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Requirements

                                          People that master multiple languages up to certain level may prefer one or more, i.e. feel more confident in communicating in a particular language making other languages sort of a fall back method.

                                          Fixed Valuetrue
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          318. Patient.generalPractitioner
                                          Definition

                                          Patient's nominated care provider.

                                          ShortPatient's nominated primary care provider
                                          Comments

                                          This may be the primary care provider (in a GP context), or it may be a patient nominated care manager in a community/disability setting, or even organization that will provide people to perform the care provider roles. It is not to be used to record Care Teams, these should be in a CareTeam resource that may be linked to the CarePlan or EpisodeOfCare resources. Multiple GPs may be recorded against the patient for various reasons, such as a student that has his home GP listed along with the GP at university during the school semesters, or a "fly-in/fly-out" worker that has the onsite GP also included with his home GP to remain aware of medical issues.

                                          Jurisdictions may decide that they can profile this down to 1 if desired, or 1 per type.

                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeReference(Organization, Practitioner, PractitionerRole)
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Alternate NamescareProvider
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          320. Patient.managingOrganization
                                          Definition

                                          Organization that is the custodian of the patient record.

                                          ShortOrganization that is the custodian of the patient record
                                          Comments

                                          There is only one managing organization for a specific patient record. Other organizations will have their own Patient record, and may use the Link property to join the records together (or a Person resource which can include confidence ratings for the association).

                                          Control0..1
                                          TypeReference(Organization)
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summarytrue
                                          Requirements

                                          Need to know who recognizes this patient record, manages and updates it.

                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          322. Patient.link
                                          Definition

                                          Link to another patient resource that concerns the same actual patient.

                                          ShortLink to another patient resource that concerns the same actual person
                                          Comments

                                          There is no assumption that linked patient records have mutual links.

                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeBackboneElement
                                          Is Modifiertrue because This element is labeled as a modifier because it might not be the main Patient resource, and the referenced patient should be used instead of this Patient record. This is when the link.type value is 'replaced-by'
                                          Summarytrue
                                          Requirements

                                          There are multiple use cases:

                                          • Duplicate patient records due to the clerical errors associated with the difficulties of identifying humans consistently, and
                                          • Distribution of patient information across multiple servers.
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          324. Patient.link.id
                                          Definition

                                          Unique id for the element within a resource (for internal references). This may be any string value that does not contain spaces.

                                          ShortUnique id for inter-element referencing
                                          Control0..1
                                          Typestring
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          XML FormatIn the XML format, this property is represented as an attribute.
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          326. Patient.link.extension
                                          Definition

                                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension.

                                          ShortAdditional content defined by implementations
                                          Comments

                                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeExtension
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summaryfalse
                                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          328. Patient.link.modifierExtension
                                          Definition

                                          May be used to represent additional information that is not part of the basic definition of the element and that modifies the understanding of the element in which it is contained and/or the understanding of the containing element's descendants. Usually modifier elements provide negation or qualification. To make the use of extensions safe and manageable, there is a strict set of governance applied to the definition and use of extensions. Though any implementer can define an extension, there is a set of requirements that SHALL be met as part of the definition of the extension. Applications processing a resource are required to check for modifier extensions.

                                          Modifier extensions SHALL NOT change the meaning of any elements on Resource or DomainResource (including cannot change the meaning of modifierExtension itself).

                                          ShortExtensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
                                          Comments

                                          There can be no stigma associated with the use of extensions by any application, project, or standard - regardless of the institution or jurisdiction that uses or defines the extensions. The use of extensions is what allows the FHIR specification to retain a core level of simplicity for everyone.

                                          Control0..*
                                          TypeExtension
                                          Is Modifiertrue because Modifier extensions are expected to modify the meaning or interpretation of the element that contains them
                                          Summarytrue
                                          Requirements

                                          Modifier extensions allow for extensions that cannot be safely ignored to be clearly distinguished from the vast majority of extensions which can be safely ignored. This promotes interoperability by eliminating the need for implementers to prohibit the presence of extensions. For further information, see the definition of modifier extensions.

                                          Alternate Namesextensions, user content, modifiers
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          ext-1: Must have either extensions or value[x], not both (extension.exists() != value.exists())
                                          330. Patient.link.other
                                          Definition

                                          The other patient resource that the link refers to.

                                          ShortThe other patient or related person resource that the link refers to
                                          Comments

                                          Referencing a RelatedPerson here removes the need to use a Person record to associate a Patient and RelatedPerson as the same individual.

                                          Control1..1
                                          TypeReference(Patient, RelatedPerson)
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Summarytrue
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))
                                          332. Patient.link.type
                                          Definition

                                          The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

                                          Shortreplaced-by | replaces | refer | seealso
                                          Control1..1
                                          BindingThe codes SHALL be taken from LinkType
                                          (required to http://hl7.org/fhir/ValueSet/link-type|4.0.1)

                                          The type of link between this patient resource and another patient resource.

                                          Typecode
                                          Is Modifierfalse
                                          Primitive ValueThis primitive element may be present, or absent, or replaced by an extension
                                          Summarytrue
                                          Invariantsele-1: All FHIR elements must have a @value or children (hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count()))